浅析英语中的性别歧视现象,标签：英语论文范文,毕业论文范文,http://www.dxs56.com
　　
　　actress                    actoraviatrix                   aviatorusherette                  usherpoetess                    poetwoman engineer            engineergirl athlete                 athleteIf it is important to mark the sex of the person, this couldbe done lexically, for example, we can use the adjectives maleor female.
　　
　　It was a woman driver who sent me home. (sexist)It was a female driver who sent me home. OrThe driver who sent me home was a woman. (nonsexist)(4) Gender-free words are words including both sexes, such asteacher, officer, people, worker, immigrant, coach, churchmember, leader, grandparent, evening student, employee,testee, engineer, customers, dealer, clerk, civilians,scientist, operator, patriot, person, planner, politician,producer, tutor, writer, chief executive, expert, everybodyand so on. Making the most use of gender-free words can helppeople reduce sexism in the daily life and in the language.
　　
　　(5) Try to avoid giving examples that are traditionallyregarded as of male or female. For example, usually whenreferring to a lawyer, a statesman or an officer, we use amale name or he as the subject. When referring to a secretary,a nurse or a teacher, we use a female name or she as thesubject. In other words, boxing or football player must bemale, while dishwasher or assistant must be female. We cantackle such problems by using plural forms or otheradaptations. [18] For example,①  the lawyer...he -------- lawyers... theythe assistant...she --------- assistants...they②  It is a party that held by the officers and their wives. www.dxs56.com
　　
　　(sexist)It is a party that held by the officers and theirspouses.(nonsexist)4.3 Coining new corresponding wordsThe gender bias can also be seen in the way that women areaddressed through their social relations to men. The termsMiss and Mrs. indicate the sex and marital status of the womanwhile the term Mr. indicates the sex only. It is unbalancedand unnecessary to specify the marital status of women but notof men.
　　
　　Since the 1960s,feminists had coined a new word “Ms” tode-emphasize the improper perception of marital status as adefinitive feature of a woman's identity and personality. Thenew term Ms, which is a combination of Miss and Mrs.,functions as an exact counterpart of the term Mr.. Women whoobject to having a title that is marked for marital statushave adopted “Ms”. There are also some other examples, such assalesman and saleslady, housewife and househusband, bride andbridegroom and so on. [19]
　　
　　But there are some aspects of language that are more resistantto change.  For example, the word history comes from Greekroot for such concepts as inquiring, knowing and learning.
　　
　　Women have pointed out the irony of the word history. Theysay, it has told only “his story". So they created the word“herstory” (a word not recognized by standard dictionaries) toemphasize that women' s lives, deeds and participation inhuman affairs have been neglected or undervalued in standardhistories. However, both linguists and common speakers find itabsurd to change ‘history’ into “herstory”.
　　
　　4.4 Alternatives to Addressing TermsAddressing terms are very important in our dailycommunication, and gender discrimination certainly has someinfluence on them. In English, there are many addresses usedto look down upon the females. In order to solve the problem,there are some strategies that may help: www.dxs56.com
　　
　　Firstly, don’t introduce some female through her husband, e.g.
　　
　　Jim Green and his wife Helen; Chairman's wife Daisy Brown.
　　
　　Secondly, don’t use terms which belittle women as wives orotherwise, e.g. the better half, the little woman, the weakersex, the fair sex, dumb blondes, (woman's) libber, and so on.
　　
　　And the traditional expressions with prejudice such asambitious men and aggressive women, cautious men and timidwomen should try to be avoided.
　　
　　Thirdly, try not to use the traditional form of address suchas Dear Sir, Dear Gentleman, Dear Madam when writing tosomeone of unknown sex. The following may be useful.
　　
　　Dear friends of the library        Dear Madams and SirsDear Personnel Officer          Dear Committee MemberDear Citizen                  Dear CustomerDear Councilor                Dear Agent4.5 The social change of attitude toward womenAs I have said, language is something that society creates andcan also be seen as a mirror of society. If women and men arestill unequal in society then just changing the language willnot really grant equality or make things much better. Languageis not in and of itself a sexist thing. The users of alanguage grant it practical meaning depending on how they viewsociety and according to their values and beliefs.

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